![]() Global estimates are that personality disorder affects around 7.8% of the population and poses a high burden to both the person affected and to people around them. ![]() A good working alliance and fostering self-compassion may counter some negative effects of shame in those most vulnerable, but dismissal in those most grandiose presents a clinical conundrum requiring further research. It may be that shame experiences highlight a discrepancy between the ideal and actual self that may contribute to a more insecure attachment style. Young people with vulnerable narcissism traits tended to report more shame, and struggled to be close to others. more secure attachment) and were unrelated to the experience of shame. Higher grandiose narcissism traits were related to a more positive model of others and self (i.e. less secure, more fearful and more preoccupied in attachment). Shame mediated the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and a more negative model of others and self (i.e. Mediation of the experience of shame between vulnerable and grandiose narcissism on the one hand and secure, dismissive, preoccupied and fearful attachment on the other hand, was tested using a path model. Participants ( Nā=ā348) were young people who reported on pathological narcissism, the experience of shame and their model of self and others (secure, dismissive, preoccupied and fearful attachment). In this study, we investigated how the experience of shame may be a mechanism by which vulnerable and grandiose pathological narcissism relates to negative and positive internalised models of the self and others, manifested as attachment styles. Young people with pathological narcissistic traits may have more maladaptive ways of relating to themselves and others.
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